基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析     

王陌桑  王伟继  肖广侠  刘克奉  胡玉龙  田涛  孔杰  金显仕 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(8):51-56

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.  相似文献   

Marine science and technology transfer: Can the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission advance governance of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction?     

《Marine Policy》2016

Marine scientific research is crucial to forge solutions in the development of a new international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea . The transfer of marine technology, capacity development and marine genetic resources are key issues. This paper examines how the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), as a competent international organisation for marine scientific research and technology transfer, can inform the development of the instrument. Synergies between marine technology transfer and non-monetary benefit sharing of genetic resources are illustrated. Four key lessons from the IOC are examined: 1. Coordinating international cooperation in marine scientific research; 2. Enabling open access to data and knowledge; 3. Facilitating capacity development through scientific training and education; and 4. Governance of marine scientific research. Realising the potential of the IOC to advance governance solutions for ABNJ will depend on increased political will from Member States and strengthened partnerships to reduce resource constraints and enhance the IOC's capacity at global and regional scales.  相似文献   

文蛤早期发育阶段生长性状遗传参数的估计     

梁冰冰  王鸿霞 《海洋科学》2016,40(3):47-52

采用部分因子设计构建了23个全同胞家系,应用单性状及两性状动物模型对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)早期不同生长发育时期的生长性状进行遗传力和相关性估计。结果表明,文蛤附着变态期以及稚贝期生长性状的遗传力并无显著差别,在0.11~0.41范围内变化,属于中等遗传力。非遗传的共同环境效应随着年龄的增长而呈现上升趋势,由附着变态期的0.02逐渐增加到稚贝期的0.38,且稚贝期的共同环境效应显著大于其附着变态期(P0.01)。壳长与壳高表型相关和遗传相关的分析结果显示,从附着变态期到稚贝期,壳长与壳高之间的表型相关及遗传相关都存在极显著的正相关性,相关系数的范围分别为0.84~0.95、0.93~0.99。早期发育连续时间段生长性状之间的遗传相关均为正相关,但并不显著,且不同时期的遗传相关也不尽相同(0.34~0.71)。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西部地区咸化湖盆天然气地球化学特征及成因类型判识指标——以古近系—新近系为例     

刘军  刘成林  孙平  张林  李浩涵  张艳芳  康艳丽  席勤 《地质通报》2016,35(203):321-328

根据天然气地球化学基本理论,对柴达木盆地西部（柴西）地区天然气的地球化学特征进行分析。测试和收集该地区18个油气田及含油气构造的83个天然气样品,分析其组分和C同位素数据,结果显示,该区天然气以烃类气体为主,烃类含量介于79.24%~99.81%之间,天然气比重介于0.72~1.36之间,天然气干燥系数（C1/C2+）介于1.04~617.8之间,甲烷C同位素值介于-51.4‰~-24.2‰之间,乙烷C同位素值介于-34.2‰~-17.4‰之间。在此基础上,对该区不同构造带的天然气成因类型进行研究。研究结果表明,柴达木盆地西部地区天然气类型可划分为腐泥型气、腐殖型气、混合气3类,柴西北部天然气主要为腐泥型气和混合气,少量腐殖型气;柴西南部主要为腐泥型气,少量混合气。同时,建立了天然气成因类型的判识指标,对该区的天然气地球化学特征有了较为深入的认识,对今后的天然气勘探具有指导意义。  相似文献   

Phylogeography of the pelagic fish Seriola lalandi at different scales: confirmation of inter-ocean population structure and evaluation of southern African genetic diversity     

BL Swart  AE Bester-van der Merwe  SE Kerwath 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(4):513-524

The study investigated the global and regional phylogeography of the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi by examining genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this species at inter-and intra-ocean level and on a regional scale. DNA fragments of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and one nuclear gene, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), were sequenced to investigate the global-scale phylogeography of this species. The population genetic structure within the South Pacific, as well as along the South African coastline, was examined further using six microsatellite markers. Three distinct clades were identified for S. lalandi, which correspond with previously described subspecies of the North-East Pacific, North-West Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere. Within the latter, additional divergence was observed between the South Pacific and the South-East Atlantic regions. Divergence estimates were indicative of a Pacific origin for S. lalandi populations, because of Pleistocene vicariant events. Microsatellite analyses revealed overall significant genetic differentiation between South African and South Pacific samples. This corroborates recent findings on the global phylogeography of the species. No population differentiation was observed within South Africa, indicating high levels of gene flow.  相似文献   

东营凹陷沙河街组碳酸盐胶结物成因机制     

孟伟  隋风贵  郝雪峰  张守鹏  秦峰  伍松柏 《地质论评》2021,67(Z1):67z1107-67z1108

正碳酸盐矿物是砂岩储层中主要的成岩产物之一。碳酸盐胶结物较为活跃,其溶蚀及沉淀广泛发育于砂岩储层内。碳酸盐的溶蚀及沉淀是砂岩储层改造的重要成因之一。明确碳酸盐胶结物的成因机制对预测深部储层具有重要的意义。本次研究,采用铸体薄片及扫描电镜观察,明确碳酸盐胶结物的产状。对不同产状碳酸盐胶结物的分布、  相似文献   

青海茫崖石棉矿区变质超基性岩的蚀变演化序列：岩石化学及矿物学证据     

周志强 《地质与勘探》2021,57(5):981-993

青海茫崖石棉矿区超基性岩体是由原岩以纯橄岩、辉橄岩和橄辉岩为主体组成的富镁质超基性岩体,经历自变质和后期多期热液的叠加变质蚀变作用,经蛇纹石化后形成蚀变完全的蛇纹岩岩体,其中部分蛇纹岩又进一步发生滑石化及碳酸盐化蚀变为滑石菱镁片岩、菱镁滑石片岩、滑石片岩和菱镁岩等。本文在野外地质调查基础上,在室内通过镜下岩矿综合鉴定、全岩化学成分分析以及电子探针成分分析等手段进行了岩石化学特征、矿物学特征及其蚀变演化过程研究。结果表明,该变质超基性岩体蛇纹岩主要特征组合矿物为蛇纹石(利蛇纹石、叶蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石)、磁铁矿、菱镁矿、滑石、水镁石、铬铁矿,变余矿物有斜方辉石、单斜辉石和铬铁矿,滑石菱镁片岩类主要组成矿物为菱镁矿、滑石、蛇纹石及磁铁矿,局部可见石英脉。该地区变质超基性岩体较完整地记录了橄榄岩水化、滑石化及碳酸盐化作用过程的各个阶段,超基性岩蚀变演化过程主要有两个作用阶段:(Ⅰ)橄榄石、辉石类矿物的蛇纹石化作用及蛇纹石绿泥石化作用;(Ⅱ)富Ca、CO2流体交代蛇纹石、滑石及水镁石的碳酸盐化作用。蛇纹石化等变质蚀变作用促进了Si、Mg及Fe元素化学活动性,使元素发生富集与迁移,对于次生矿物的形成与演化起到了一定的催化作用。多期不同组成流体热液的交代作用过程,清晰地展示了利蛇纹石、纤蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的演化序列,以及滑石、水镁石、铬铁矿和磁铁矿的形成过程及标形特征。  相似文献   

我国干热岩资源分布及勘探:进展与启示   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔺文静  王贵玲  邵景力  甘浩男  谭现锋 《地质学报》2021,95(5):1366-1381

干热岩是地热资源的重要赋存形式之一,是未来地热开发的主攻方向.我国干热岩勘查工作近年来进展迅速,先后在不同地区发现了优质的干热岩资源,取得了我国干热岩资源勘查突破,但同时也存在不少勘查失败的案例.本文在分析高放射性产热型、沉积盆地型、近代火山型和强烈构造活动带型等四种类型干热岩成因模式的基础上,结合我国的地质构造背景、地热地质条件,对未来我国干热岩资源重点勘查方向及靶区进行了论述,并重点针对目前不同类型区干热岩资源勘探工程进行了梳理,简要分析了不同勘探区的选址依据、勘探过程、地温场分布及特征、前景预测等,并初步进行了经验总结,希望对我国未来干热岩资源勘查及开发工作起到借鉴作用.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱-X射线衍射法研究云南玉溪和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源矿物学特征     

朱丽  杨永琼  顾汉念  温汉捷  杜胜江  罗重光 《岩矿测试》2021,(4):532-541

中国云南玉溪和美国内华达均已发现大量黏土型锂资源,目前关于两地区样品矿物学特征的研究相对不足,而对黏土型锂资源进行充分的矿物学特征研究是锂提取工作开展的重要前提。本文采用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等分析技术,从化学组成、矿物组成、微观形貌等角度对云南玉溪的两个黏土型锂资源样品(YM-1和YM-2)和美国内华达的两个黏土型锂资源样品(Ame-1和Ame-2)进行对比分析。结果表明:玉溪地区和内华达地区样品的锂含量均高于1000μg/g,具有一定的开发利用价值,但这两个地区的黏土型锂资源样品在主要化学成分、矿物组成、微观形貌和锂赋存状态四个方面均存在较大差异。具体来说,(1)主要化学成分差异:玉溪地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2和Al_2O_3(硅、铝氧化物总量超过80%),而内华达地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2(60.39%)或CaO(42.30%)。(2)矿物组成差异:玉溪地区样品的主要矿物为高岭石和蒙脱石,而内华达地区样品的主要矿物为石英、绿脱石、斯皂石或方解石。(3)微观形貌差异:玉溪地区样品是由表面平坦、边缘圆滑且大小相对均一的片层状结构堆叠而成,而内华达地区样品主要表现为大小不一的块状矿物聚集体。(4)锂赋存状态差异:玉溪地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙脱石中,而内华达地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙皂石族矿物中。本研究结果基本明确了云南玉溪地区和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源的矿物学特征,可为这两个地区黏土型锂资源后期的开发利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

湖南仁里稀有金属矿床岩相学和矿物学特征及其地质意义——以5号脉ZK708号钻孔为例     

周芳春  李鹏  刘翔  李广  黄志飚  李建康  成永生  苏俊男  张立平  陈虎  黄小强  雒小荣  桂云  文春华 《矿床地质》2021,40(4):753-775

仁里矿床是中国近年新发现的超大型花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床,文章针对其稀有金属矿化富集规律、成岩成矿演化特征及找矿标志等问题,以5号主矿脉钻孔ZK708全孔岩芯及岩体内、外伟晶岩为研究对象,采用了电子探针、能谱仪分析和全岩地球化学分析等方法,开展了伟晶岩岩相学、矿物学及地球化学等方面的研究工作.研究结果表明:①仁里矿床伟晶岩岩性比较复杂,不同岩性伟晶岩相互穿插,为同期次不同阶段的结果,经历了多阶段的岩浆-热液活动,铌钽等稀有金属矿化与多阶段岩浆-热液活动密切相关,铌钽等稀有金属矿物主要赋存于粗-中粒、粗粒白云母钠长石伟晶岩中,随着伟晶岩粒度的增加,铌钽等稀有金属矿化具有逐渐增加的趋势;②仁里矿床伟晶岩为LCT(Li-Cs-Ta)型伟晶岩,经历了不同阶段的岩浆-热液活动,多阶段的热液活动(尤其是富P、F热液流体)为Li、Nb、Ta等稀有元素的进一步富集提供了热源和物质来源,促使Li、Nb、Ta等稀有元素的进一步释出和富集;不同世代矿物出现在伟晶岩熔体-溶液不同演化阶段.磷灰石和粒状、叶片状钠长石可做为本区铌钽等稀有金属矿产的重要找矿标志.  相似文献